山西省亚高山草甸群落组成及其多样性研究

Composition and diversity of subalpine meadowcommunities in Shanxi Province

摘要:

【目的】 以山西省从南到北分布的6 个亚高山草甸为研究对象，探讨亚高山草甸的群落物种多样性和空间分布格局。【方法】 采用有限样方内生物多样性的测定方法，测定了从南到北分布的6 个亚高山草甸的物种组成和多样性指数，并比较了各草甸之间的群落相似性。【结果】 6 个亚高山草甸上共有172 种植物，菊科、禾本科、蔷薇科、豆科分布较为广泛。各草甸物种多样性指数存在显著差异（P＜0. 05），其中大同市灵丘县亚高山草甸的群落物种多样性和丰富度指数最高，太原市娄烦县亚高山草甸的均匀度最高。从物种组成的群落相似性结果来看，吕梁市离石区亚高山草甸与大同市灵丘县亚高山草甸的物种组成相似性最高，忻州市宁武县亚高山草甸和大同市广灵县亚高山草甸的物种组成相似度最低。【结论】 随着海拔的升高，亚高山草甸的多样性指数呈现随之降低的趋势。

Abstract:

【Objective】 In order to explore the community species diversity and spatial distribution pattern of sub-alpine meadows in Shanxi Province，we selected six subalpine meadows distributed from south to north in Shanxi asthe research objects.【Method】 We used a method of measuring biodiversity within a limited sample，calculated thespecies composition and diversity index of plant communities in six subalpine meadows distributed from south tonorth，and compared community similarity among the meadows.【Result】 The results showed that 172 species ofplants were recorded in the six subalpine meadows，and the main dominant families included Compositae，Poaceae，Rosaceae and Leguminosae. There were significant differences in the species diversity index among the meadows（P＜0. 05）. Community species diversity and richness indices were highest in the subalpine meadows of DatongLingqiu，and the Pielou evenness index of Taiyuan Loufan subalpine meadow was the highest. According to the re-sults of the community similarity in species composition，the species composition similarity between the Lüliang Lishisubalpine meadow and Datong Lingqiu subalpine meadow was the highest，while that of the Xinzhou Ningwu subal-pine meadow and Datong Guangling subalpine meadow was the lowest.【Conclusion】 With the increase of altitude，the diversity index of the subalpine meadow showed a decreasing trend.