转入草场对牧户草场放牧强度的影响——基于自有草场和转入草场视角

Effect of grassland inflow on herders' grazing inten-sity—based on the perspective of self-owned grass-land and rent-in grassland

摘要:

【目的】 探析牧户对自有草场和转入草场利用强度的差异问题，从而正确认识草场流转真实效应，推动草场流转走向规范化和促进草原生态环境改善。【方法】 基于对内蒙古西乌珠穆沁旗6 个苏木（镇）的实地调研数据，采用倾向得分匹配法（PSM），分析草场地块使用权属性对牧户放牧强度的影响，并在此基础上运用普通最小二乘法（OLS）进一步分析不同契约安排对牧户在转入草场放牧强度可能发挥的作用。【结果】 牧户在自有草场和转入草场上的放牧强度有所差异。转入草场后，牧户会降低自有草场的放牧强度，倾向于在转入草场上放养更多的牲畜；不同契约安排对转入草场放牧强度的影响存在区别。签订书面契约和流转来源于亲戚熟人可在一定程度上约束牧户的放牧强度，而约定流转年限对牧户放牧强度未产生显著的影响。【结论】 在后续草场流转的过程中，要重点关注转入草场使用程度监管、增强流转合同的约束力及对新型畜牧业经营主体的支持力度。

Abstract:

【Objective】 The difference of grazing intensity between herdsmen’s self-owned grassland and rentingrassland was studied，so as to correctly understand the real effect of grassland transfer，and to promote the stan-dardization of grassland transfer and the improvement of grassland ecological environment.【Method】 Based on the field survey data from six towns（ Sumu） in West Ujimqin Banner，Inner Mongolia，the difference of self-owned andrent-in grassland plots on grazing intensity of herdsmen were investigated by propensity scoring matching （PSM）method. On this basis，ordinary least squares（ OLS） was used to further analyze the possible role of different contrac-tual arrangements on the grazing intensity of herdsmen in rent-in grassland.【Result】 The results show that：1） Thegrazing intensity of herdsmen on their self-owned grassland and on the rent-in grassland was different. Aftertransferring-in grassland，herdsmen would reduce the grazing intensity of their self-owned grassland and tend tostock more livestock on the rent-in grassland. 2） There were differences in the effects of different contractual ar-rangements of the grazing intensity in the rent-in grassland. Signing written contracts and transferring form relativesand acquaintances could restrain the grazing intensity of herdsmen to a certain extent，while agreeing on the length ofthe transfer did not have a significant effect on the grazing intensity of herdsmen.【Conclusion】 In the process of sub-sequent grassland transfer，it is necessary to focus on the supervision of use degree of rent-in grassland，enhance thebinding force of the transfer contract and support the new animal husbandry business entities.