藜麦霜霉病与抗病性研究进展

Research progress on downy mildew and disease resistance of quinoa

摘要:

藜麦是深受大众喜爱的新兴粮饲兼用型作物，霜霉病是危害藜麦最严重的全球性病害。利用抗病品种是防治霜霉病最简便、经济和有效的措施。为更好地了解国内外藜麦霜霉病抗性研究动态，本文阐述了藜麦霜霉病的寄主范围、专化性和宿主跳跃现象；比较分析了抗性鉴定时期、方法、评价指标和模型，确认室内离体叶片接菌法是藜麦霜霉病抗性鉴定可靠有效的方法；藜麦栽培种的抗性变异大，野生近缘种存在丰富的抗性资源；从藜麦生育期、皂苷含量、气孔性状、激素代谢和抗性分子机制等方面阐述了其初步的抗性机理。目前，藜麦与 Peronospora variabilis 的互作机理仍不清楚，还需深入研究。

Abstract:

Quinoa is a kind of popular emerging crops because of its value for food and feed. Quinoa downy mildew （DM），caused by Peronospora variabilis，is the most serious global disease. The use of resistant varieties is the most economical，simple and effective measure to control quinoa DM. To better understand the latest research trends of quinoa resistance to DM at home and abroad，this paper describes the host range，hostspecificity and “host jumping” phenomenon of quinoa DM. It also compares and analyzes the identification periods，methods，evaluation indexes and models of quinoa DM，confirming that the indoor identification technology of detached leaf inoculation is a reliable and effective method to identify DM resistance in quinoa. The resistance of quinoa cultivars varies greatly，there exist abundant resistant resources in quinoa wild relatives. The preliminary resistance mechanisms of quinoa DM have been expounded from the aspects of growth period，saponin content，stomatal traits，hormone metabolism and molecular mechanism of resistance. However，the interaction mechanisms of quinoa and P. variabilis are still unclear，further research is needed to conduct.