青藏高原川西北牧区一年两季饲草种植模式对土壤理化性质及酶活性的影响

Effects of planting techniques for two-season forage grass per year on soil enzyme activities in the alpine pasturing area of Northwesten Sichuan in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

摘要:

【目的】川西北高寒牧区气候寒冷，牧草生长季短，选用抗寒性强的小黑麦品种进行秋播，翌年复种不同作物，可以有效提高土地利用效率和牧草产量。【方法】以 8 个小黑麦种质（甘农 2 号小黑麦、甘农 3 号小黑麦、甘农 4 号小黑麦、甘农 7 号小黑麦、藏饲 1 号小黑麦、小黑麦品系 C16、C23、C25）作为秋播材料，次年复种不同作物：B1（50% 藏饲 1 号小黑麦混播 50% 饲用豌豆），B2（50% 藏饲 1 号小黑麦混播 50% 箭筈豌豆），B3（50% 青甜 1 号燕麦混播 50% 饲用豌豆），B4（50% 青甜 1 号燕麦混播 50% 箭筈豌豆），以研究秋播小黑麦复种不同作物对土壤理化性质（pH 值、有机质、全氮、全钾、全磷、速效氮、速效磷及速效钾含量）及土壤酶（过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶、脲酶及蔗糖酶）活性的影响。【结果】秋播小黑麦复种不同作物后，土壤养分含量及酶活性均有所提高。【结论】秋播甘农 4 号小黑，翌年麦复种 50% 藏饲 1 号小黑麦混播 50% 饲用豌豆模式对土壤理化及酶活性影响最大，能够改善土壤理化环境及酶活性，有助于提高牧草产量。

Abstract:

【Objective】 The alpine pastoral area of Northwesten China experiences cold climates，resulting in a short forage growing season. Selecting triticale varieties with strong cold resistance for autumn sowing and rotating crops the following year can effectively enhance land ‐ use efficiency and forage yield.【Method】 Eight triticale lines （Gannong No. 2 triticale，Gannong No. 3 triticale，Gannong No. 4 triticale，Gannong No. 7 triticale，Tibetan feed No. 1 triticale，and triticale lines C16，C23，C25，） were autumn sown and replanted with different crops： B1（Tibetan feed No. 1 triticale × 50% feed pea），B2（50% Tibetan feed No. 1 triticale × 50% Vicia sativa），B3（50% Qingtian No. 1 oats × 50% forage pea），B4（50% Qingtian No. 1 oats × 50% Vicia sativa）. The study investigated the effects of autumnsown triticale and multiple cropping on soil physics and chemistry （pH，organic matter，total nitrogen，total potassium，total phosphorus，available nitrogen，available phosphorus and available potassium），as well as enzyme activities （catalase，alkaline phosphatase，urease and sucrase）.【Result】 The results showed that soil enzyme activities improved after autumn ‐ sown triticale and multiple cropping.【Conclusion】 Overall，autumn ‐ sown Gannong No. 4 triticale intercropped with 50% Zangsi No. 1 triticale × 50% forage pea had a significant impact on soil physicochemical and enzyme activities. This approach enhanced soil physicochemical environments，improved enzyme activities，and contributed to increased forage yield.