施氮制度及间作对燕麦氮素吸收和土壤氮素的影响

Effects of nitrogen application system and intercropping on oat nitrogen uptake and soil nitrogen

摘要:

【目的】研究不同的施氮制度对燕麦/豌豆间作体系中燕麦的吸收情况以及对土壤氮素的影响。【方法】采用随机区组试验设计，设 N0（不施氮）、N1（基肥 20%+分蘖期追肥 20%+开花期追肥 60%）、N2（基肥 20%+分蘖期追肥 30%+开花期追肥 50%）和 N3（基肥 20%+分蘖期追肥 40%+开花期追肥 40%）4 个施氮制度；3 种种植模式（燕麦/豌豆间作、燕麦单作和豌豆单作），研究施氮制度对间作燕麦氮素吸收和土壤氮素的影响。【结果】施氮制度和间作对燕麦籽粒产量、氮素吸收和土壤氮素影响显著。间作燕麦籽粒产量在 N2 处理下最大，较 N3 增产 22. 48%。随着生育期的推进，在拔节期、 抽穗期、灌浆期和成熟期间作燕麦的吸氮量较单作燕麦分别提高了 26. 5%、15. 8%、7. 3% 和 17. 1%； 间作燕麦在 N2 处理下吸氮量最大，为 71. 2 kg/hm² ，较 N0 增加了 49. 9%。在 0~20 cm 土层间作燕麦的土壤全氮含量在 N0、N1、N2 和 N3 处理下分别较单作提高 12. 9%、11. 2%、15. 4% 和 6. 9%；间作燕麦在拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期和成熟期的土壤硝态氮含量和铵态氮均高于单作燕麦。【结论】在 20~ 40 cm 土层，间作燕麦较单作燕麦的土壤全氮和硝态氮含量增加；铵态氮含量降低，但增加和降低差异不显著。

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective was to study the impacts of different nitrogen application systems on oat absorption and soil nitrogen accumulation in an oat/pea intercropping system.【Method】 A randomized block design was employed. Four nitrogen application systems were tested： N0（no N），N1（20% base fertilizer + 20% tillering stage + 60% topdressing stage），N2（20% base fertilizer + 30% tillering stage + 50% topdressing stage），and N3 （20% base fertilizer + 40% tillering stage + 40% topdressing stage）. Three cropping modes （oat/pea intercropping，oat monoculture and pea monoculture） were studied to assess the effects of nitrogen application regimes on oat nitrogen uptake and soil nitrogen.【Result】 The study found that nitrogen application and intercropping significantly influenced oat grain yield，nitrogen uptake and soil nitrogen. Intercropped oat had the highest grain yield under the N2 treatment，which was 22. 48% higher than that under N3. Oat nitrogen uptake intercropping under N2 treatment was the highest （71. 2 kg/hm² ），49. 9% higher than that of N0. During the growth stages，oat nitrogen uptake increased by 26. 5%，15. 8%，7. 3% and 17. 1% at jointing stage，heading stage，filling stage and maturity stage ，respectively， compared with that of monoculture oat. Soil total nitrogen content in the 0~20 cm soil layer increased by 12. 9%， 11. 2%，15. 4% and 6. 9% under N0，N1，N2 and N3 treatments，respectively，compared with monoculture. Intercropped oats exhibited higher soil nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen than monoculture oats during various growth stages.【Conclusion】 In the 20~40 cm soil layer，intercropped oats showed higher total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content than monoculture oat. Ammonium nitrogen content decreased，although the difference not significant.