不同种源蕨麻种子形态特征分析

Analysis on seed morphological traits of Argentina anserina from different provenances

摘要:

【目的】系统分析来自不同种源蕨麻的种子表型性状，系统揭示蕨麻种子的性状变异程度和形态特征多样性。【方法】以 30 份不同种源蕨麻种子为材料，测定其长、宽、周长、厚度、长宽比以及千粒重等指标，并进行方差分析、相关性分析、聚类分析以及主成分分析。【结果】1）蕨麻种子 6 个性状均存在极显著差异（P＜0. 01），不同性状也存在丰富的变异，其中种子千粒重变异系数最大（23. 91%），是筛选品种较重要的指标；2）种子厚度和种子千粒重与种子长度、种子宽度、种子长宽比以及种子周长都呈现了极显著的正相关（P＜0. 01），表明种子厚度和种子千粒重可以作为蕨麻优良品种筛选的重要指标；3）30 份种源种子可以聚类为 5 个类群，其中类群 2 和类群 3 的各指标量均较大，可以作为品种筛选的候选群体；4）主成分分析和综合评价表明，种子厚度、种子千粒重和种子长度是影响蕨麻种子性状的主要因素，而种源 4 的综合性状得分最高，为 2. 35，是最佳品种选育的候选。【结论】种源 4 为综合性状俱佳的种质，可以将其作为蕨麻新品种筛选的候选和主要种植的种源。研究结果可为蕨麻新品种选育提供该理论依据。

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aims to systematically analyze the phenotypic traits of seeds from different sources of Argentina anserina and reveal the extent of variation and morphological diversity in A. anserina seed traits. 【Method】 Thirty samples of A. anserina seeds from different sources were used as materials to measure various parameters，including length，width，circumference，thickness，length ‐to ‐width ratio，and thousand ‐ grain weight. Variance analysis，correlation analysis，cluster analysis，and principal component analysis were conducted.【Result】1） There were significant differences （P＜0. 01） in all six seed traits of A. anserina，with considerable variation within each trait. The coefficient of variation for thousand ‐grain weight was the highest （23. 91%），making it an important index for selecting varieties. 2） Seed thickness and thousand‐grain weight showed a significantly positive correlation （P＜0. 01） with seed length，width，length-to‐width ratio，and circumference，indicating their importance as selection indices for superior A. anserina varieties. 3） The thirty seed sources were classified into five clusters，with clusters 2 and 3 exhibiting relatively larger values for all parameters，thereby suggesting their potential as candidate populations for variety selection. 4） Principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation revealed that seed thickness， thousand‐grain weight，and seed length were the major factors influencing the variation in A. anserina seed traits. Among the seed sources，source ‘4’ obtained highest comprehensive trait score of 2. 35，making it a candidate for the best variety breeding.【Conclusion】 Source ‘4’ exhibits favorable comprehensive traits and can be considered as a candidate for screening new A. anserina varieties and as a primary seed source for cultivation. The research provids a theoretical basis for the breeding of new A. anserina varieties.