31份藜麦种质农艺性状及ISSR遗传多样性分析

Agronomic traits and ISSR genetic diversity analysis of thirty one quinoa germplasm

摘要:

【目的】筛选西北干旱及半干旱地区不同利用价值藜麦种质，为藜麦种质资源的保护与利用奠定基础。【方法】以种植于甘肃临夏东乡县的 31 份藜麦种质资源为材料，分析其农艺性状，利用 ISSR 引物进行分子标记 PCR 扩增，阐明其遗传多样性及特点。【结果】株高、茎粗、鲜干比、茎叶比、单株产量 5 个农艺性状的变异系数在 14. 41%~63. 30%，其中株高与茎粗、鲜干比呈极显著正相关，与单株产量呈显著正相关。茎粗与单株产量呈极显著正相关，与鲜干比呈显著正相关。鲜干比与单株产量呈极显著正相关。筛选出 8 条多态性高且清晰的 ISSR 引物，扩增出 63 条条带，其中多态性条带 55 条，多态性位点比率为 83. 70%，有效等位基因数（N_e ）为 1. 451 5，基因多样性（H）为 0. 273 1，香农信息指数（I）为 0. 417 4。根据 UPGMA 聚类分析结果，在遗传相似系数为 0. 72 时，31 份藜麦种质可分为 5 个类群。第 1 类群为已选育的陇藜 1 号、陇藜 7 号，抗倒伏性、抗病虫害好；第 2 类群株高较低，可作为抗倒伏材料进一步选育；第 3 类群株高高、单株产量大、鲜干比适中、茎叶比小，可作为鲜喂材料进一步选育；第 4 类群鲜干比最大，且与台湾红藜 LQ-223 的亲缘关系相近；第 5 类群具有茎叶比最大、中熟品种的特性。 【结论】31 份藜麦种质资源具有较高的遗传多样性，可为藜麦种质资源创新、遗传育种提供优质材料和科学依据。

Abstract:

【Objective】 This research was conducted to screen quinoa germplasm of different utilization values in arid and semi-arid regions of northwest China and to lay the foundation for the conservation and utilization of quinoa germplasm resources.【Method】 Thirty‐one quinoa germplasm resources collected from Dongxiang County，Linxia， Gansu Province were analyzed for their agronomic traits. Molecular marker PCR amplification was performed using ISSR primers to elucidate their genetic diversity and characteristics.【Result】 The coefficients of variation for the five agronomic traits，such as plant height，stem thickness，fresh to dry ratio，stem to leaf ratio and yield per plant，ranged from 14. 41% to 63. 30%. Plant height showed a highly significant positive correlation with stem thickness，fresh to dry ratio and with yield per plant. Stem thickness was significantly positively correlated with yield per plant and fresh to dry ratio. Fresh to dry ratio was highly significantly correlated with yield per plant. Eight ISSR primers with high and clear polymorphism were selected and 63 bands were amplified，including 55 polymorphic bands. The ratio of polymorphic loci was 83. 70%，the number of effective alleles （N_e） was 1. 451 5，the genetic diversity （H） was 0. 273 1 and the Shannon information index （I） was 0. 417 4. With a genetic similarity coefficient of 0. 72，the 31 quinoa germplasm could be classified into five clusters. The first group was the selected longli 1 and longli 7，which have good resistance to lodging，and pests and diseases. The second group had low plant height which can be further selected as lodging resistant material. The third group had high plant height，high yield per plant，moderate fresh to dry ratio and small stem to leaf ratio. This group can be further selected as fresh fodder material. The fourth group had the largest fresh to dry ratio and was related to Taiwan Red Quinoa LQ‐223. The fifth group had the largest fresh to dry ratio and was closely related to Taiwan Red Quinoa LQ‐223. The fifth group was characterised by the largest stem to leaf ratio and medium maturity varieties.【Conclusion】 The 31 quinoa germplasm resources in this experiment showed high genetic diversity，which can provide high-quality materials and scientific basis for quinoa germplasm resource innovation and genetic breeding.