不同种源一年生早熟禾种子质量和幼苗生长特性与生态因子的相关性

Seed and seedling growth characteristics of Poa annua with ecological factors from different provenances

摘要:

【目的】研究不同种源一年生早熟禾（Poa annua）种子质量和幼苗生长特性与生态因子的相关性，为野生一年生早熟禾种质资源收集和良种选育提供基础数据和理论依据。【方法】以 9 个野生一年生早熟禾种子为试验材料，比较不同种源种子质量和萌发特性，并采用隶属函数法对其种子质量进行综合评价。【结果】一年生早熟禾种子和幼苗生长性状在不同种源间存在显著差异（P＜0. 05）。种长、长/宽、胚芽长和幼苗鲜重与经度、年均温度和无霜期呈正相关。种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和千粒质量与年均降水量和海拔呈正相关，且生态因子对种子和萌发性状的影响大小为：海拔＞年均降水量＞经度＞年均温度＞无霜期＞纬度。隶属函数综合评价显示，9 个野生一年生早熟禾种子质量排序依次为：甘州＞湟中＞平安＞永昌＞天祝＞安宁＞榆中＞凉州＞秦州。【结论】种源为甘州和湟中的一年生早熟禾种子种质优良，具有推广潜力。

Abstract:

【Objective】To investigate the relationships between seed and seedling growth of annual bluegrass （Poa annua L.） with ecological factors from different provenances in order to provide fundamental data and a theoretical basis for the collection of wild annual bluegrass germplasms and for the breeding of excellent varieties. 【Method】 Wild annual bluegrass seeds collected from nine regions were used as experimental materials to compare the seed quality and germination characteristics in different provenances. Their seed quality was comprehensively evaluated using a membership function method.【Result】 The results showed that seed and seedling growth of annual bluegrass were significantly different among different provenances （P＜0. 05）. Seed length， width， germ length and seedling fresh weight were positively correlated with the longitude，mean annual temperature and frost-free period. The seed germination rate，potential and index， as well as thousand kernel weight were positively correlated with annual rainfall and altitude. The degree of impact on seed and germination by ecological factors was as follows： altitude ＞annual rainfall＞longitude＞annual temperature＞ frost-free period ＞latitude. The comprehensive evaluation of the affiliation function exhibited that the quality order of the wild Annual bluegrass of the nine seed sources was ranked as： Ganzhou＞Huangzhong＞Pingan＞Yongchang＞Tianzhu＞Anning＞Yuzhong＞Liangzhou＞Qinzhou. 【Conclusion】 The seeds of annual bluegrass （Ganzhou） and annual bluegrass （Huangzhong） have the potential as excellent germplasm for breeding of new annual bluegrass varieties.