弋江籽紫云英种带真菌对种子发芽的影响及分离鉴定

The isolation,identification of seed-borne fungi of Astragalus sinicus sp.Yijiangzi and seed-borne fungi infuluene on A.sinicus germination

摘要:

【目的】明确紫云英（Astragalus sinicus）种带真菌区系及该真菌对种子萌发的影响。【方法】 通过常规分离培养方法。【结果】从弋江籽紫云英中共分离得到 6 属 7 种真菌，分别为细极链格孢（Alternaria tenuissima）、黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）、近缘弯孢霉（Curvularia affinis）、膝曲弯孢菌（Curvularia geniculata）、雪霉微座孢（Microdochium nivale）、纸皮思霉（Pithomyces chartarum）和囊状匍柄霉 （Stemphylium vesicarium）。所分离的种带真菌可不同程度的降低紫云英种子的发芽率，降低种子活力指数 ，影响生长 。 种带真菌降低紫云英种子发芽率 1. 69%~76. 27%，降低种子发芽势 16. 00%~ 42. 00%，活力指数降低 2. 25%~79. 48%，均以膝曲弯孢菌影响最大，纸皮思霉影响最小（P＜0. 05）； 胚芽长降低 1. 06%~34. 39%，胚根长降低 3. 49%~43. 02%，出苗率降低 15. 79%~52. 63%。【结论】 种带真菌对紫云英种子的发芽率、发芽势、种子活力具有抑制作用，其中膝曲弯孢菌、雪霉微座孢的影响最为显著。

Abstract:

【Objective】 Chinese milk vetch （Astragalus sinicus L.） is an important green manure and forage crop in China. It plays an increasingly important role in improving soil structure，improving fertility and ensuring livestock production. Seeds are important agricultural production materials，as propagation organs，they can carry fungi，bacteria，nematodes，etc. ，and is an important way of spreading plant diseases，so it is important to clarify the species and its infuluence on seeds germination of Chinese milk vetch.【Method】 The present study isolated and identified seed borne fungi of Chinese milk vetch.【Result】 A total of 7 species belongs to 6 genera of seed-borne fungi were isolated from Yijiang seed. They were Alternaria tenuissima，Aspergillus niger，Curvularia affinis，Curvularia geniculate，Microdochium nivale，Pithomyces chartarum and Stemphylium vesicarium. The isolated seed-borne fungi can reduce the germination rate of Chinese milk vetch seeds，reduce the seed vigor index，and affect the growth of the plants. The germination rate of seeds inoculated with seed-borne fungi were decreased by 1. 69%~76. 27%，the germination potential were decreased by 16. 00%~42. 00%，Vitality index decreased by 2. 25%~79. 48%，C. geniculata and P. chartarum had the largest and smallest effects，respectively （P＜0. 05），the germ length is reduced by 1. 06%~34. 39%，the radicle length was reduced by 3. 49%~43. 02%，the rate of emergence was decreased by 15. 79%~52. 63%. Conclusion The seed-borne fungi could inhibit the germination rate，germination potential and seed vitality of Chinese milk vetch seeds，among which Curvularia geniculata、Microdochium nivale have the most significant effect.