EMS诱变对鹰嘴紫云英种子萌发及幼苗表型特征的影响

Effects of EMS mutagenesis on seed germination and seedling phenotypic characteristics of Astragalus cicer

摘要:

【目的】筛选适宜鹰嘴紫云英的 EMS 诱变条件。【方法】以鹰嘴紫云英品种甘绿 2 号种子为试验材料，采用不同浓度（0、0. 2%、0. 4%、0. 6%、0. 8%）的甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）进行不同时间（2、4、 6、8 h）的诱变处理，探究 EMS 对鹰嘴紫云英种子萌发特征及表型变化的影响。【结果】低浓度和短时间 EMS 处理促进鹰嘴紫云英种子的萌发，随 EMS 浓度升高和诱变时间的增加，对鹰嘴紫云英种子萌发产生抑制作用。种子浸出液电导率随诱变条件的加深呈上升趋势，在 2~6 h 时，萌发期发芽率、发芽势、幼苗苗长和根长均随处理时间和诱变浓度的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势，在 8 h 处理下，随 EMS 浓度的增加呈逐渐降低趋势，EMS 浓度在 0. 8% 时，种子发芽率和发芽势均达到最低，较对照分别降低了 54. 45% 和 56. 67%；经形态学筛选，发现有鹰嘴紫云英幼苗表现出幼苗矮小、停滞生长、叶片黄化、宽叶、窄叶、叶片发紫、诸多病斑等特殊变异性状。【结论】0. 8%EMS 处理 6 h 可作为最佳诱变组合；幼苗的生长随诱变时间和浓度增加而明显受到抑制，且表型变异类型也逐步增多。

Abstract:

【Objective】 The study was carried out to explore the effect of EMS （Ethyl methyl sulfone） on the germination characteristics and phenotypic changes of Astragalus cicer seeds.【Method】 Taking the seeds of A. cicer cv. Ganlv No. 2 as the test material， different concentrations （0. 0%，0. 2%，0. 4%，0. 6%，0. 8%） of EMS were used for the treatment of the seeds for different time （2，4，6，8 h）.【Result】 The results showed that low concentration and short-time EMS treatment promoted the germination of A. cicer seeds. With the increase of EMS concentration and the increase of mutagenesis time，the germination of A. cicer seeds was inhibited. The conductivity of the seed extract showed an upward trend with the deepening of the mutagenic conditions. At 2~6 h， the germination rate，germination potential， seedling length and root length at the germination stage first increased with the increase of treatment time and mutagenesis concentration， and then the germination rate and germination potential of seeds were the lowest when the EMS concentration was 0. 8%，which were 54. 45% and 56. 67% lower than those of control，respectively. Through scientific screening， it was found that the seedlings of A. cicer showed special variation characteristics such as dwarf seedlings， stagnant growth，yellow leaves，wide leaves，narrow leaves， purple leaves， and many disease spots.【Conclusion】 Comprehensive analysis showed that 0. 8% EMS treatment for 6 h could be used as the best mutagenesis combination. The growth of seedlings was obviously inhibited with the increase of mutagenesis time and concentration， and the types of phenotypic variation also gradually increased.