山西恒曲中条山铜尾矿自然定居植物群落优势种种间关系与生态位

Interspecific relationship and ecological niche of dominant species in the plant communities on copper mine tailings of Zhongtiaoshan in Shanxi province

摘要:

【目的】筛选适合铜尾矿植物修复的先锋植物及配置模式。【方法】本研究在实地调查的基础上，采用方差比率、Godron 群落稳定性、种间联结性与相关性、生态位指数测度方法，研究山西中条山铜尾矿植物群落优势种种间关系与生态位特征。【结果】16 个优势种的 120 个种对中，70% 以上种对呈不显著相关，说明该铜尾矿植物群落结构不稳定；优势种的生态位重叠值 O_ik与共同出现百分率 PC 值、 Spearman 秩相关系数之间均呈显著正相关（P＜0. 05），且 Spearman 秩相关系数的拟合效果优于 PC 值。优势种对荆条与白刺花或臭椿，白刺花与刺槐，臭椿与刺槐间呈极显著正相关。【结论】这些种对的 PC 值较大、O_ik值较小，耐旱、耐贫瘠、抗污染、生态适应能力强，可推荐为当地铜尾矿植被修复的最佳先锋物种与混种模式。

Abstract:

【Objective】 Copper mine tailings are typical wastelands formed by the accumulation of a large amount of untreated wastes generated in the process of copper mining and smelting. The long-term massive accumulation of copper mine tailings not only occupies a large amount of land resources，but also aggravates soil erosion and causes secondary geological disasters due to its poor physical structure to maintain water and fertilizer，and brings huge ecological security risks. Therefore，screening of pioneer plants and their configurations suitable for phytoremediation of copper mine tailings is a key strategy for their ecological restoration.【Method】 Based on the field investigation，a total of 63 sampling quadrats of 10 m ×10 m，5 m × 5 m and 1 m × 1 m were respectively sampled for naturally colonized tree，shrub and herbaceous plant communities at different successional stages across the four sampling sites of Tongkuangyu copper mine tailing，Tongkuangyu concentrator copper mine tailing，western copper mine tailing of Henghe copper plant and Shibahe copper mine tailingof Zhongtiaoshan，and 16 dominant plant species were selected. The data matrix of 16 × 63（species × quadrats） were analyzed by the methods of variance ratio （VR），Godronstability，interspecific association and nicheindex to study the interspecific associations and niche characteristics of dominant species in the plant communities on copper mine tailings of Zhongtiaoshan in Shanxi province，China.【Result】 The results revealed that：（1） among the 120 species-pairs of 16 dominant species，more than 70% of the speciespairs displayed no significant correlation indicating that the naturally colonized plant communities on copper mine tailings of Zhongtiaoshan had unstable community structures and were in the early or middle stage of succession；（2） There was a significant positive correlation between the niche overlap value （Oik）of the dominant species and the co-occurrence percentage （PC） and Spearman rank correlation coefficient （P<0. 05）. The fitting effect of Spearman rank correlation coefficient was better than that of PC value；（3） The dominant species-pairs of Vitexnnegundovar heterophylla and Sophoraviciifolia or Ailanthus altissima，S. viciifolia and A. altissima and A. altissima and Robinia pseudoacacia，showed extremely significantly or significantly positive correlations.【Conclusion】 These species‐pairs were the best pioneer species with higher PC and lower Oik value，strong ecological adaptability for tolerating drought，poor soil fertility and metals contamination，and were thus recommended species-pairs as mixedplanting combinations for future phytoremediation of local copper mine tailings.