沙粒粒径分布对高尔夫球在沙坑中球位的影响

Impact of particle size distribution of sand on ball lies in golf course bunkers

摘要:

【目的】探索沙坑沙粒粒径特征对沙坑中高尔夫球位的影响。【方法】选取兰州市高尔夫球场常用的 3 种沙坑沙进行粒径分布分析，确定粒径大小、级配指数、不均匀系数、曲率系数、静止角和沙面硬度；采用模拟高尔夫球坠入沙坑的方法，以不同沙与粒径组分组合为处理，研究沙坑中球坑的大小和深度，推导不同沙粒组成对高尔夫球球位的影响以及可获得较为理想球位的沙坑沙应具备的粒径特征。【结果】选取的 3 种沙坑沙中，河沙质地较粗、粒径分布连续广泛且均匀、级配好、硬度大、稳定性强。 从 1 m 高度模拟坠球，河沙球坑内径和深度显著小于土沙和山沙（P＜0. 05），不易产生“荷包蛋”球位。 另外，通过对中粗粒径（0. 25~20） mm 组分和不同单一粒径组分进行 1 m 高度模拟坠球发现，0. 25~2 mm 粒径的河沙不容易产生埋嵌的“荷包蛋”球位。【结论】质地较粗、粒径分布广且均匀、级配好、细小沙粒少且粒径最佳在 0. 25~2 mm 范围的沙能更好地形成较为理想的球位；粒径分布窄、级配差、中位粒径＜0. 5 mm 的沙极容易形成“荷包蛋”球位。

Abstract:

【Objective】 Golf ball lie in a sand bunker is influenced by many factors. One of them is particularly sand particle sizes and their distributions. They can significantly affect the depth of the pit formed by the golf ball falling from the air into the bunker，resulting in a "fried egg” ball lie. The study was carried out to explore the influence of sand particle size characteristics on golf ball lie in the sand pit.【Method】 To understand the effects of “fried egg” ball lies in the bunkers in relation to properties of sand particle sizes，this study was carried out with ball dropping simulation from heights of 1 m and 2 m under laboratory conditions. The experiment involved 3 different regional sands. Comparing sand particle distribution，particle gradation coefficient，uniformity coefficient，curvature coefficient，angle of repose，size and depth of golf ball pit in the sand pan with combination of different sand particle fractions，selection of the bunker sand were recommended and determined.【Result】 The results show that among 3 selected bunker sands，river sand had coarser texture，continuous wide and uniform particle size distribution，good gradation，hardness and stability. The inner diameter and depth of river sand pit were significantly lower than those of soil sand and mountain sand （P＜0. 05） when simulated from a height of 1 m，and it was not easy to produce the "fried egg" lies in the case of river sand. Moreover through the 1 m height ball drop simulation for the medium and coarse particle size （0. 25~2） mm fraction and different single particle size fractions，it was found that the river sand with a particle size ranging 0. 25~2 mm exhibited the low possibility for the formation of the "fried egg" ball lies.【Conclusion】 Therefore，sand with a wide and uniform distribution of particle sizes，better gradation，and coarser particles ranging 0. 25~ 2 mm can produce optimal ball lies in sand bunkers，while sand with narrow distribution of particle sizes，poor gradation，and with median particle size of ＜0. 5 mm is very easy to form the "fried egg" ball lies.