根茎型清水紫花苜蓿杂交改良后代的产量和营养品质研究

Study on yield and nutritional quality of hybrid im ⁃proved progenity of rhizome-rooted QingshuiMedicago sativa

摘要:

【目的】 根茎型清水紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa cv. Qingshui）是建植放牧型草地和生态草地的优良种质，但其饲草生产性能低。本研究为了改良清水紫花苜蓿的生产性能。【方法】 以清水和WL168 紫花苜蓿（M. sativa cv. WL168）的杂交后代选育系RSA‐03 为研究对象，以亲本清水和WL168为对照，对供试材料不同茬次下的干草产量、粗蛋白（CP）、粗脂肪（EE）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、粗灰分（Ash）含量和相对饲喂价值（RFV）的杂种优势进行分析，探究其产量特征和营养价值。【结果】 1）RSA‐03 的年干草产量较WL168 低出8. 88%，而较清水高出31. 11%，与清水相比，RSA‐03 的产量杂种优势突出。WL168、清水和RSA‐03 的产量均表现：第1 茬＞第2 茬＞第3 茬。2）RSA‐03 的ADF 含量较清水和WL168 显著低出2. 62% 和3. 84%，RSA‐03 的RFV 较清水显著高出2. 26%，RSA‐03 的ADF 含量和RFV 杂种优势突出，其中，在各茬次下三者的营养品质不尽相同。3）通过灰色关联度法对其营养品质评价得出：WL168＞RSA‐03＞清水。【结论】 与高产优质的WL168 杂交，亲本清水紫花苜蓿的产量、营养品质、相对饲喂价值和适口性得到一定程度的改良，RSA‐03 适宜于放牧型草地的建植利用。

Abstract:

【Objective】 Rhizome‐rooted Medicago sativa cv. Qingshui is an excellent germplasm for establishinggrazing and ecological grasslands， but its forage production performance is low. The purpose of this study was to im ‐prove the production performance of Qingshui alfalfa.【 Method】 The hybrid progeny selection strain RSA‐03 of Qingshuiand creeping‐rooted Medicago sativa‘ WL168’ was used as the research object， and the parental Qingshui andWL168 were served as the control. The heterosis of hay yield， crude protein（ CP），ether extract（ EE），neutral detergentfiber（ NDF）， acid detergent fiber（ ADF）， crude ash（ Ash） content and relative feed value（ RFV） under differentcuts were analyzed to investigate the yield trait and nutritional value.【Result】 1） The annual hay yield of RSA‐03was lower than that of WL168 by 8. 88%， while it was higher than that of Qingshui by 31. 11%， indicating that theyield of RSA‐03 showed obvious heterosis. The yields of WL168，Qingshui and RSA‐03 showed： first cut ＞ secondcut ＞ third cut. 2） The ADF content of RSA‐03 was significantly lower than that of Qingshui and WL168 by 2. 62%and 3. 84%，respectively，and the RFV of RSA‐03 was significantly higher than that of Qingshui by 2. 26%，indicatingthat the ADF content and RFV of RSA ‐ 03 showed obvious heterosis. The results showed that the nutritionalvalue of all three varieties was different under each cut. 3） The evaluation of their nutritional value by gray correlationmethod concluded that WL168 ＞ RSA ‐ 03 ＞ Qingshui.【Conclusion】 The yield， nutritional quality， relative feedvalue and palatability of the parental Qingshui were improved to some extent after crossing it with the high yield andsuperior quality WL168， and the selected strain RSA‐03 is suitable for the establishment of grazing-type grassland.