西天山山地草甸不同坡向昆虫群落与植物多样性及功能性状的关系

Relationship between insect community and plant diversity and functional traits of different slope orientation of mountain meadow in western Tianshan Mountains

摘要:

【目的】 阐明坡向对昆虫群落的影响，探究不同坡向昆虫群落与植物多样性及功能性状的关系。【方法】 以西天山国家级自然保护区山地草甸为研究对象，通过野外植被和昆虫取样，分析阴坡、阳坡和坡顶3 种生境的昆虫群落物种组成和多样性特征，探讨与植物多样性、功能性状的关系。【结果】 1）该山地草甸的昆虫种类丰富多样，隶属于8 目172 种，双翅目（Diptera）和半翅目（Hemiptera）为优势类，分别占个体数的77. 02% 和21. 32%。阴坡昆虫数量最多，为4 399 头，其次为坡顶和阳坡，分别为2 750 头和1 959 头；2）昆虫群落特征指数在阳坡、阴坡、坡顶具有明显差异性，阳坡昆虫群落特征指数最高。3）植物多样性和功能性状对昆虫群落的影响具有差异性（P＜0. 01）。叶长与昆虫群落优势度指数和丰度指数具有显著相关性（P＜0. 01），株高与昆虫群落丰富度指数具有显著相关性（P＜0. 01），植物种类与昆虫多样性没有显著相关性。【结论】 西天山保护区山地草甸植物功能性状中的叶长、株高是影响西天山山地草甸昆虫群落的主要因子。

Abstract:

【Objective】 In order to further elucidate the effect of slope orientation on insect community，the relationshipbetween insect community of different slope orientation and plant diversity and functional traits was explored.【Method】 In this paper，the mountain meadow of West Tianshan National Nature Reserve was taken as the researchobject. The species composition and diversity characteristics of insect communities in three habitats of shady slope，sunny slope and slope top were analyzed by field vegetation and insect sampling methods，so as to explore its relationshipwith plant diversity and functional traits.【Result】 1） The insect species in the mountain meadow were rich and diverse，belonging to 8 orders and 172 species. Diptera and Hemiptera were the dominant species，accounting for77. 02% and 21. 32% of the individual number，respectively. The number of insects on the shady slope was the highest，which was 4 399，followed by the top and sunny slopes，which were 2 750 and 1 959，respectively. 2） The characteristicindex of insect community was significantly different in sunny slope，shady slope and slope top，and the characteristicindex of insect community in sunny slope was the highest. 3） The effects of plant diversity and functional traitson insect community were different （P＜0. 01）. Leaf length was significantly correlated with the dominance indexand abundance index of insect community （P＜0. 01）. Plant height was significantly correlated with the richness indexof insect community （P＜0. 01）. There was no significant correlation between plant species and insect diversity.【Conclusion】 In summary，the leaf length and plant height of the plant functional traits in the mountain meadow of theWestern Tianshan Reserve are the main factors affecting the insect community in the western Tianshan mountainmeadow.