柔毛镰刀菌的室内药效测定和田间药效筛选

Indoor efficacy determination and field efficacyscreening of Fusarium flocciferum

摘要:

【目的】 筛选出防治玉米根部主要病原镰刀菌-柔毛镰刀菌（Fusarium flocciferum）的高效低毒杀菌剂。【方法】 采用菌丝生长速率法测定了11 种杀菌剂对柔毛镰刀菌的抑菌效果，同时进行6 个种子处理剂对玉米根部病害的防效试验。【结果】 10% 叶菌唑悬浮剂对菌丝生长抑制作用最强，EC50值为0. 008 μg/mL；抑菌效果较好的药剂为3% 吡唑醚菌酯·噁霉灵颗粒剂和200 g/L 氟酰羟·苯甲唑悬浮剂，EC50 值分别为0. 051 μg/mL 和0. 093 μg/mL；柔毛镰刀菌菌丝生长对50% 福美双可湿性粉剂和25% 氰烯菌酯悬浮剂最敏感，斜率分别为3. 76 和3. 49，其次为15% 多菌灵·福美双悬浮种衣剂，斜率为1. 92；各种子处理剂对玉米根部镰刀菌根腐有一定的防治效果，其中1 000 亿cfu/g 枯草芽孢杆菌粉剂与种子的配比为1∶200 时防治效果最好；200 mL 18% 噻灵·咯·精甲FS 配比100 kg 种子及450 mL11% 精甲·咯·嘧菌FS 配比100 kg 种子时防效较好。【结论】 10% 叶菌唑SC 对柔毛镰刀菌菌丝的抑制作用最好，在种子处理试验中1000 亿cfu/g 枯草芽孢杆菌DP 与种子的配比为1∶200 时的防治效果最好，该研究结果为玉米根部镰刀菌的化学防治药剂选择提供了依据。

Abstract:

【Objective】 To screen for highly effective and low-toxicity fungicides against Fusarium flocciferum，the main pathogen affecting maize roots.【Method】 This study imployed the mycelial growth rate method to determinethe inhibition effect of 11 fungicides against F. flocciferum. Six seed treatments were tested for their effectivenessin controlling maize root diseases.【Result】 The results showed that Carbendazole 10% SC had exhibitied thestrongest inhibitory effect on mycelial growth，with an EC50 value of 0. 008 μg/mL. Fungicides with notable fungal inhibitionincluded Pyraclostrobin hymexazol 3% GR and pydiflumetofen difenoconazole 200 g/L SC，with EC50 valuesof 0. 051 μg/mL and 0. 093 μg/mL，respectively. The hyphae growth of F. flocciferum was most sensitive to Thiram50% WP and Phenamacril 25%SC，with slopes of 3. 76 and 3. 49，respectively，followed by carbendazim?thiram 15%FS with a slope of 1. 92. Various seed treatments effectively controlled Fusarium root rot in maize with the most effectivebeing 100 billion cfu/g Bacillus subtilis powder at aseed‐to‐treatmentr atio of 1∶200. Additionally，seed treatmentusing 200 mL/100 kg of seeds with thiabendazole fludioxonil metalaxyl ‐ M 18% FS and 450 mL/100 kg ofseeds with metalaxyl‐M fludioxonil azoxystrobin 11% FS showed good preventative effects.【Conclusion】 Carbendazole10% SC provided the best inhibition of F. flocciferum mycelium，while the seed treatment with 100 billion cfu/gBacillus subtilis DP to seed of 1∶200 achieved the most effective control. These findings offer a basis for selectingchemical control agents for managing Fusariumin maize roots.