肥料类型对黄芪产量和品质影响的研究进展

Research progress on the effects of different fertilizertypes on yield and quality of Astragalusmembranaceus

摘要:

中药材黄芪不规范施肥现象普遍存在，严重影响其质量。本研究总结了不同肥料类型（氮肥、微肥、有机肥、菌肥、专用肥、控释肥）对黄芪产量和质量的影响，发现合理的施入不同类型肥料均可不同程度促进黄芪植株的生长，增加黄芪地上地下鲜干重，刺激有效成分黄酮、皂苷等的累积。进而提高黄芪产量及质量。但不同产地对肥料的需求量有较大差别，其中氮肥为30. 00~546. 90 kg/hm²；微肥：2. 25~75. 00 kg/hm²；有机肥为1 500~7 500 kg/hm²；菌肥：1. 20~606. 00 kg/hm²；有机-无机配施为8 kg/hm² + 0. 4 kg/hm^2~2 400 kg/hm² + 600 kg/hm²；专用肥：1 050~4 500 kg/hm²；控释肥：300~500 kg/hm²。分析原因主要与产地土壤肥力程度、区域生态环境、肥料配方、生产目标等有关。建议制定科学有效的施肥方案，需综合考虑黄芪产地土壤质地、生产目标等因素。为黄芪规范化栽培，保证其品质提供思路及参考。

Abstract:

Irregular fertilization is often found in Radix Astragali cultivation，which seriously affects its quality.We have outlined the effects on the yield and quality of Astragalus membranaceus for different fertilizer types （nitrogenfertilizer，microbial fertilizer，organic fertilizer，bacterial fertilizer，specialized fertilizer，and controlled release fertilizer）.And find that the reasonable application of different types of fertilizer can improve the yield and quality ofA. membranaceus to different degrees，but the demand for fertilizer in different producing areas is quite different，among which the nitrogen fertilizer is 30~546. 9 kg/hm²；microbial fertilizer：2. 25~75 kg/hm²；organic fertilizer：1 500~7 500 kg/hm²； bacterial fertilizer：1. 2~606 kg/hm²； organic-inorganic application：8 kg/hm² + 0. 4 kg/hm²~2 400 kg/hm²+600 kg/hm²； specialized fertilizer：1 050~4 500 kg/hm²； controlled release fertilizer：300~500 kg/hm². The reasons are mainly related to soil fertility，regional ecological environment，fertilizer formula and productiontarget，etc. Lastly，it is suggested to formulate a scientific and effective fertilization program，which should considersoil quality of the fields，and combine various factors such as production objectives. Overall，this review aims toprovides insights on improving the proper application of fertilizers in the cultivation of A. membranaceus.