不同油莎豆品种在南疆的适应性

The study of the adaptability of different varieties ofCyperus esculentus in southern Xinjiang

摘要:

【目的】 对18 个油莎豆（Cyperus esculentus）引进品种与南疆本地品种的农艺性状和产量进行对比研究。【方法】 通过种植19个油莎豆品种[吉油豆（JYD）（ 8、9、12、13、14、15、18、21、23、24、25、26、38）；吉莎（ JS）（ 12、14）；策勒（ CL）（1、2、3）；南疆54团本土品种“丰产2号（FC-2）”]，对农艺性状（株高、分蘖数、叶面积和千粒重等）和产量（地上和地下生物量、根生物量）进行研究。【结果】 JYD-23 的出苗率显著高于JYD-12、JYD-25、CL-1、CL-2 和FC-2。JS-12 的千粒重、叶面积和比叶面积显著高于JYD-21、JYD-12 和JYD-14。JYD-13 的饲草鲜重和干重显著高于FC-2。CL-3 的根的鲜重和干重显著高于JYD-23 和FC-2。JYD-21 的分蘖数显著高于JYD-9、JYD-18、JYD-26、JYD-21、JYD-15、JS-14、JYD-8、JS-12、JYD-25、JYD-24、JYD-12、JYD-14、CL-1、CL-2、JYD-13 和FC-2。JYD-9 的块茎鲜重和块茎干重均显著高于JYD-18、JYD-21、JYD-15、JYD-8、JYD-25、JYD-24、JYD-12、JYD-14、CL-3、JYD-13 和FC-2。采用隶属函数值法对19 个油莎豆品种进行综合效应评价发现，农艺性状表现较好的品种为CL-1、CL-3 和JYD-38，产量表现较好的品种为JS-14、JYD-14 和JYD-9，农艺性状和产量综合评价表现较好的品种为JS-14、JYD-14 和JYD-9。【结论】 综合考虑，19 个油莎豆品种中CL-1、CL-3、JYD-38、JS-14、JYD-14 和JYD-9 表现较好，可在南疆区域示范推广，但考虑到种植时间较短（仅一年），仍需继续进行观察。

Abstract:

【Objective】 The agronomic characters and yield of eighteen imported varieties ofCyperus esculentuswere compared with local varieties in southern Xinjiang.【Method】 The nineteen varieties of C. esculentus were adopted{JYD（ 8，9，12，13，14，15，18，21，23，24，25，26，and 38），JS（ 12，and 14），CL（ 1，2，and 3），and local varieties（FC-2）"}. The agronomic characters （plant height，tillering number，leaf area，and 1 000-grain weight） andyield（ above and below-ground and root biomass） were studied. In this experiment，nineteen varieties of C. esculen-tus were planted on May 1，2023，growth characteristics were measured on September 15，2023（ maximum biomass），and samples of above-ground plants，underground tubers，and roots were collected for various indexes.【Result】The results showed that the emergence rate of JYD-23 was significantly higher than that of JYD-12，JYD-25，CL-1，CL-2，and FC-2. The 1000-grain weight，leaf area，and specific leaf area of JS-12 are significantlyhigher than those of JYD-21，JYD-12，and JYD-14. The fresh and dry weight of JYD-13 was significantlyhigher than that of FC-2. The fresh and dry root weights of CL-3 were significantly higher than those of JYD-23and FC-2. The tillering number of JYD-21 is significantly higher than that of JYD-9，JYD-18，JYD-26，JYD-21，JYD-15，JS-14，JYD-8，JS-12，JYD-25，JYD-24，JYD-12，JYD-14，CL-1，CL-2，JYD-13，and FC-2. The fresh tuber weight and dry tuber weight of JYD-9 were significantly higher than those of JYD-18，JYD-21，JYD-15，JYD-8，JYD-25，JYD-24，JYD-12，JYD-14，CL-3，JYD-13，and FC-2. Thecomprehensive effect evaluation of 19 varieties by the membership function value method showed that several varietieswith better agronomic traits were CL-1，CL-3 and JYD-38，several varieties with better yield performancewere JS-14，JYD-14 and JYD-9，and several varieties with better comprehensive evaluation of agronomic traitsand yield were JS-14，JYD-14 and JYD-9.【Conclusion】 On the whole，CL-1，CL-3，JYD-38，JS-14，JYD-14 and JYD-9 performed better among the 19 Cyperus esculentus varieties，which could be demonstrated andpromoted in southern Xinjiang. However，considering the short planting time（ only one year），further observation andresearch are still needed.