专性除草剂毒杂净一号对高寒荒漠草地刺叶柄棘豆群落结构的影响

Effects of specific herbicide‘ Duzajing No.1’ on the⁃community structure of Oxytropis Spinosa inalpine desert grassland

摘要:

【目的】 分析刺叶柄棘豆的专性除草剂的防治效果及其对高寒荒漠草地群落结构的影响，为高寒荒漠草地毒杂草的治理及退化生态系统的修复提供科学依据。【方法】 于2020 年5 月和2021 年5月分别在哈尔腾乡哈尔腾村，利用大疆MG‐1P 智能植保无人机喷洒生物保护剂和除草剂毒杂净一号，调查群落结构特征，探明除草剂的防治效果。【结果】 1）喷施专性除草剂使刺叶柄棘豆重要值显著下降，在2020 年和2021 年分别降低44. 24% 和55. 30%；其他植物种的重要值有所提高，其中针茅的重要值增幅最大且显著高于其他物种；2）专性除草剂喷施显著降低灌木多度和刺叶柄棘豆多度，两年间分别下降20. 9% 和85. 9%；3）专性除草剂喷施对灌木高度、草本和群落冠层高度并未产生显著影响；4）专性除草剂的喷施使灌木和灌草的Simpson 多样性指数两年间分别显著降低14. 1% 和5. 78%，使灌木植物的Margalef 丰富度指数两年间平均显著增加13. 23%；然而草本植物的Shannon-Wiener 指数、Margalef 丰富度指数和Pielou 均匀度指数并未受到显著影响。【结论】 喷施专性除草剂毒杂净一号可以有效灭除毒杂草刺叶柄棘豆，并未对其他植物物种产生显著的抑制效应，优化群落结构。

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aims to explorethe effects of the specific herbicide‘ Duzjing No. 1’on thegrowthof OxytropisS pinosa and its impact on community structure in alpine desert grassland，providing a scientificbasis for controlling poisonous weeds and restoring degraded alpine desert grasslands.【Method】 In May 2020 andMay 2021，the biological protective agent and herbicide‘ Duzajing No. 1’ were appliedusing a DJI MG-1P intelligentplant protection unmanned air vehicle（UAV），and the herbicide’s effect on biodiversity was investigated.【Result】 1） The specific herbicide significantly reduced the importance value of O. spinosa，which decreased by44. 24% in 2020 and 55. 30% in 2021. The importance value of other plant species increased，with Stipa capillatashowingthelargest increase，significantly higher than that of other plant species. 2） Theherbicide significantly reducedthe abundance of shrubs and O. spinulosa，with average decreases of 20. 9% and 85. 9%，respectively，over twoyears. 3）The specific herbicide hadnosignificant effect on shrub height，herbaceous plant height，or community canopyheight. 4） Theherbicide significantly reduced the Simpson diversity index of shrubs by 14. 1%，and significantly increasedthe Margalefrichness index of shrubs by 13. 23% over the two years. However，the Shannon-Wiener index，Margalefrichness index，and evenness index of herbaceous plants were not significantly affected.【Conclusion】 The resultsindicatethat spraying the specific herbicide‘ Duzajing No. 1’ effectively reducesthe abundance of Oxytropisspi-nosa without significantly inhibitingother plant species，thusoptimizeing community structure.