高原鼠兔警戒鸣声识别

Recognition of alarm call of Ochotona curzoniae

摘要:

【目的】 警戒行为是动物重要的反捕食策略之一。高原鼠兔（Ochotona curzoniae）鸣叫是其警戒行为的重要表现，研究高原鼠兔警戒鸣叫对于理解高原鼠兔生存策略，丰富啮齿动物声音通讯研究有着重要意义。【方法】 本研究于 2021 年在甘肃省夏河县高原鼠兔分布区，选取20 只高原鼠兔成体，用强指向话筒采集鸣叫声并用Adobe Audition 2020 分析其警戒声讯信号特征；用单反相机记录鸣叫时伴随行为以识别警戒鸣声。【结果】 1）高原鼠兔雌雄性个体均可发出警戒声，警戒声属于短鸣，警戒声发出后其他个体表现出停止采食、环顾四周的警戒行为； 2）警戒短鸣由1 个音节构成，时长0. 1~0. 3s； 3）在自然无干扰状态下和遥控模型干扰下获取的高原鼠兔警戒鸣声特征不同，将两种不同鸣声特征的警戒鸣声在野外回放后均可观察到高原鼠兔做出警戒行为响应。【结论】 高原鼠兔可以利用声讯信号传递风险信息，其警戒鸣声是一种极为短促的短鸣鸣声，且在不同风险程度下警戒鸣声存在差异。

Abstract:

【Objective】 Vigilance behavior is one of the important anti-predatory strategies for animals. Thechirping of plateau pika is an important component of its vigilance behavior. Clarifying plateau pika`s alert is of greatsignificance for understanding plateau pika`s survival strategy and enriching rodent voice communication research.【Method】 In this study，20 adult plateau pikas，including 15 males and 5 females，were selected from the distributionarea of plateau pika in Xiahe County，Gansu Province in 2021. They were captured，color marked and released. TheShotgun Microphones and camera were used to record the chirping sound and accompanying behavior，and the alarmcall was identified. Adobe Audit 2020 was used to analyze the characteristics of its alarm call signal.【Result】 The resultsshowed that： （1） Both male and female individuals of plateau pika could emit alarm call，which belonged toshort sound. After the alarm call was issued，other individuals showed vigilance behavior of stopping feeding and lookingaround.（2） The alarm call tone is composed of one syllable and lasts 0. 1~0. 3s .（3） Under different disturbancesobtained under natural and remote control model interference，the alert call characteristics of plateau pika aredifferent. After playing back the alarm calls with two different sound characteristics in the field，the plateau pika canbe observed to make alert behavior responses.【Conclusion】 Therefore，the plateau pika can use acoustic signals totransmit risk information. Its alarm call is a very short call，and there are differences in the alarm call under differentrisk levels.