无人机承载不同类型传感器在草原监测中的应用与展望

Application and prospect of UAV carrying different types of sensors in grassland monitoring

摘要:

草原具有生产和生态的双重价值，对经济发展和生态环境保护具有重要作用。无人机技术因成本低、精度高、时效性强等优势在农林业生产管理中广泛应用，通过收集分析近20年来国内外无人机承载不同传感器在草原监测方面的研究情况，发现可见光相机应用最为广泛，可以及时准确反映覆盖类型和植被空间分布；多光谱成像仪在植被指数反演生物量表现突出；高光谱成像仪有着连续且丰富的波段数据，与人工智能和大数据相结合，可逐步实现草原智能化调查；热红外成像仪在冠层温度与水分监测上表现突出；激光雷达在冠层高度和植被结构方面表现优异。但各种传感器都存在着不同程度的应用难题，就此对无人机发展和传感器应用提出建议，以期为解决草原监测的技术瓶颈和发展前景提供理论参考。

Abstract:

Grassland have dual values in production and ecology，playing an important role in economic development and ecological environment protection. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle （UAV） technology has become widely used in agricultural and forestry production management due to its advantages of low cost，high precision，and strong timeliness. This study collects and analyzes the research situation of UAV equipped with various sensors in grassland monitoring over the past 20 years，both domestically and internationally. Among these，visible light cameras are the most widely used，providing timely and accurate data on vegetation coverage types and spatial distribution. Multispectral imagers have outstanding performance in vegetation index inversion and biomass，while hyperspectral imagers offer continuous and abundant band data that，when combined with artificial intelligence and big data，enable intelligent grassland monitoring. Thermal infrared imagers are effective in canopy temperature and moisture monitoring. Laser radar performs well in canopy height and vegetation structure. However，challenges remain in the widespread adoption of these technologies due to sensor-specific limitations. This paper offers suggestions on the development of UAV design and sensor applications，providing a theoretical reference for addressing the technical bottleneck and exploring future development prospects in grassland monitoring.