我国牧草施肥状况和养分需求分析

Analysis on current fertilization and nutrient requirement for forage grasses in China

摘要:

了解牧草的施肥现状和不同区域及省份牧草的养分需求与养分输出对指导牧草合理施肥， 维持草地可持续发展具有重要意义。在参考现有文献资料的基础上，系统分析和总结了多年生禾本科牧草、紫花苜蓿、一年生牧草的氮、磷和钾推荐施肥量、单位产草量的氮、磷和钾移走量；估算、分析和评述了不同区域和省份牧草对氮、磷和钾养分的年需求量、年移走量及其差异，并提出了维持草地养分平衡和牧草可持续生产的施肥建议。此外，对有关牧草施肥现状、牧草施肥量代表性等进行了讨论，并提出加强牧草施肥技术研究，建立牧草需肥特征参数和数据库，为牧草科学施肥提供更多基础资料的建议。

Abstract:

Understanding current status of fertilizer recommendation in forage grasses and the nutrient demand and removal of forage grasses in various regions and provinces is of great significance for guiding rational fertilization of forage grasses and maintaining sustainable development of grasslands. Based on existed literature，this paper systematically analyzed and summarized the recommended rates of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium fertilization and the amount of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium removal per unit yield of harvested hay for perennial forgae grasses，alfalfa，and annual forage grasses. This paper also estimated，analyzed and evaluated the annual nutrient demand，annual removal，and their differences of forage grasses at the regional and the provincial level，and proposed suggestion for forage fertilization to maintain grassland nutrient balance and sustainable grass production. In addition， the shortcomings of this study and the representative fertilizer recommendation rates for various grasses were discussed. It is recommended to strengthen research on fertilization techniques for forages and establish characteristic parameters and databases for fertilizer requirements，in order to provide more basic information for scientific fertilization in forage grasses.