基于MSPA-MCR的祁连山地区生态空间网络识别与优化

Study on the construction of regional eco⁃spatial network in Qilian Mountains based on MSPA⁃MCR

摘要:

【目的】 近年来，由于祁连山地区土地资源的不合理利用、超载过度放牧等人为因素导致生态环境质量下降，区域破碎化程度加剧。利用生态网络识别提高破碎化生境之间的连接度，加强生物多样性保护和提高生态恢复力。【方法】 以祁连山地区为研究区，采用景观格局空间分析（MSPA）和景观指数法提取连接性较好的生态源地，利用最小累计阻力模型（MCR）构建生态廊道，分析生态网络存在问题，从多方面进行优化，形成祁连山地区生态网络结构布局。【结果】 1）研究区草地资源丰富，占研究区总面积44.44%，林地、水域、耕地分别占总面积的8.57%、4.77%、3.21%；2）对斑块重要性（dPC） 值较大的36块核心斑块进行选取并作为生态源地，其中斑块36和斑块35的面积分别为18 267.98、6 554. 25 km2，dPC值分别为90.155 6、38.243 1，主要覆盖区域为门源祁连山生态牧场、寿鹿山、天祝三峡国家森林公园等；3）识别生态廊道共95条，重要廊道82条，总长度4 563.24 km，一般廊道13条，总长度1 069.02 km；4）对研究区斑块分布进行优化分析，优化后的生态网络识别了26个重要改善区以及77个脚踏石，主要分布以研究区中部地区及西部地区为主。【结论】 通过保护祁连山地区36个核心生态源地，提升26个重要改善区质量，加强77个脚踏石建设，使其生态网络得到优化，整体呈现出“一心一轴五片区、两带多点多廊道”的基本结构布局，改善其破碎化生境间的景观连通性，为该地区生态文明建设提供科学建议。

Abstract:

【Objective】 In recent years，due to the irrational use of land resources，overgrazing and other human factors in the Qilian Mountains，the quality of the ecological environment has declined，and the degree of regional fragmentation has intensified. The identification of ecological networks can effectively improve the connectivity between fragmented habitats，which is of great significance in biodiversity conservation and ecological resilience.【Method】 Taking the Qilian Mountains as the study area，the spatial analysis of landscape pattern （MSPA） and landscape index method were used to extract the ecological sources with good connectivity，and the minimum cumulative resistance model （MCR） was used to construct ecological corridors，analyze the existing problems of the ecological network， and optimize the ecological network structure layout in the Qilian Mountains from many aspects.【Result】 1） The study area was rich in grassland resources，accounting for 44. 44% of the total area of the study area. Forest land，water area and cultivated land accounted for 8. 57%，4. 77% and 3. 21% of the total area，respectively. 2） The 36 core patches with large dPC values were selected as ecological sources，and the areas of patches 36 and 35 were 18 267. 98 km2 and 6 554. 25 km2，respectively. The dPC values were 90. 155 6 and 38. 243 1，respectively，and the main coverage areas were Menyuan Qilian Mountain Ecological Pasture，Shoulu Mountain，Tianzhu Three Gorges National Forest Park，etc. 3） A total of 95 ecological corridors were identified，including 82 important corridors with a total length of 4 563. 24 km and 13 general corridors with a total length of 1 069. 02 km. 4） The distribution of patches in the study area was optimized，and 26 important improvement areas and 77 stepping stones were identified in the optimized ecological network，which were mainly distributed in the central and western regions of the study area. 【Conclusion】 By protecting 36 core ecological sources in the Qilian Mountains，improving the quality of 26 important improvement areas，and strengthening the construction of 77 stepping stones，the ecological network has been optimized，and the basic structural layout of "one center，one axis，five areas，two belts，multiple points and multiple corridors" is presented. The landscape connectivity between the fragmented habitats is improved. The study has provided scientific suggestions for the construction of ecological civilization in this region.