河西走廊地区青贮玉米产量形成对灌水量的响应
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作者单位:

1.甘肃农业大学林学院,甘肃 兰州 730070 ;2.淮阴师范学院,江苏 淮安 223300 ;3.甘肃省祁连山水源涵养林研究院,甘肃 张掖 734000

作者简介:

董继业(1995-),男,甘肃定西人,硕士研究生。E-mail:2461162762@qq.com

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中图分类号:

S513;S548

基金项目:

甘肃省重点研发计划项目(23YFFG0002);国家自然科学基金项目(32060247);江苏高等学校协同创新计划项目(HSXT30511)


Response of yield formation of silage maize to irrigation amount in Hexi Corridor irrigation area
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Affiliation:

1.College of Forestry,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070 ,China ;2.Huaiyin Normal University,Huai’an 223300 ,China ;3.Qilian Mountain Water Conservation Forest Research Institute of Gansu Province,Zhangye 734000 ,China

Fund Project:

irrigation;silage maize;photosynthetic properties;daily variation;yield

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    摘要:

    【目的】 探究灌水对河西走廊地区青贮玉米光合日变化、农艺性状及产量的影响,寻求河西灌区青贮玉米最佳灌水量。【方法】 以青贮玉米金岭67号为研究对象,于2022年在甘肃民乐县华瑞牧场开展大田试验,设置灌溉处理4个:4 920 m3/hm2 (W1 )、5 535 m3/hm2 (W2 )、6 150 m3/hm2 (W3 )、6 765 m3/hm2 (W4 ),分析不同灌溉量对青贮玉米抽雄期叶片光合特性、农艺性状及产量的影响。【结果】 1) 抽雄期各灌溉处理的净光合速率(Pn )率、蒸腾速率(Tr )、气孔导度(Gs )、胞间CO2 浓度(Ci )及叶绿素 (SPAD) 日均值表现为W2 >W3 >W4 >W1 ,W2 处理下叶片Pn 、Tr 、Gs 、Ci 及SPAD分别较其他处理增加了 7.51%~29.21%、11.91%~47.09%、12.84%~31.82%、6.94%~23.40% 和 7.65%~11.42%。 2) 苗期-拔节期青贮玉米茎粗增长迅速,抽雄期达到稳定,W2 处理显著高于其他处理 (P<0.05),至成熟期达到最大值,W2 处理较其他处理增加了6.28~14.17%。苗期-抽雄期青贮玉米株高及叶面积指数增长迅速,抽雄期达到稳定,并以W2 处理最高,显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),成熟期W2 处理较其他处理分别增加了2.95~19.27%和1.57~8.07%。3) 除W3 处理外,W2 处理下青贮玉米生物产量与其他处理间差异显著(P<0.05),W2 较W3 增加了0.87%。【结论】 在当地传统施肥条件下,灌溉量在5 535 m3/hm2时青贮玉米的产量最佳。因此,合理的灌溉量有助于作物光合能力的提升,促进干物质的积累,进而有效提高作物的生长状况及产量。

    Abstract:

    【Objective】 This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different irrigation rates on the diurnal variation of photosynthesis,agronomic traits,and yield of silage maize in Hexi Corridor irrigation area, to identify the optimal irrigation rate.【Method】A field experiment was conducted in 2022 at Huarui farming,Minle county,Gansu province,China,using silage maize (Jinling 67) as the research material. Four irrigation rates were applied:4 920 m3/hm2 (W1 ),5 535 m3/hm2 (W2 ),6 150 m3/hm2 (W3 ) and 6 765 m3/hm2 (W4 ). The effects of irrigation on the photosynthetic characteristics,agronomic traits,and yield of silage maize were analyzed.【Result】 (1) The daily averages of net photosynthetic rate (Pn ),transpiration rate (Tr ),stomatal conductance (Gs ),intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci ), and chlorophyll (SPAD) followed the trend W2 > W3 >W4 >W1 . The W2 treatment increased Pn ,Tr ,Gs ,Ci ,and SPAD by 7.51%~29.21%,11.91%~47.09%,12.84%~31.82%,6.94%~23.40%,and 7.65%~11.42%,respectively,compared to other treatments.(2) The stem diameter of silage maize increased rapidly from the seedling to jointing stage,with W2 significantly higher than other treatments (P<0. 05) and reaching its maximum at maturity. W2 treatment resulted in 6. 28%~14. 17% increase in stem diameter. Plant height and leaf area index also increased rapidly until the tasseling stage, where W2 treatment was significantly higher(P<0. 05),showing increases of 2. 95%~19. 27% and 1.57%~8.07%,respectively,at maturity compared to other treatments.(3) The W2 treatment significantly increased the biomass of maize silage (P<0. 05). Specifically,the W2 treatment showed an increase of 0. 87% compared to the W3 treatment.【Conclusion】 An irrigation rate of 5 535 m3/hm2 yielded the highest silage maize production under local traditional fertilization conditions. Adequate irrigation enhances crop photosynthetic capacity,promotes dry matter accumulation,and improves growth conditions and yield of crops.

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董继业,牛赟,张建喜,王顺利,王钰煐,张飞.河西走廊地区青贮玉米产量形成对灌水量的响应[J].草原与草坪,2024,44(6):208-216

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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-12
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  • 在线发布日期: 2025-02-27
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