新疆阿勒泰地区哈萨克族民族植物学调查与研究

Investigation and research on ethnobotany of Kazaks nationality in Altay Area, Xinjiang

摘要:

【目的】 哈萨克族是新疆北部地区的主要游牧民族，在生活中积累了许多民族植物学知识， 体现出健康朴素的自然和谐观念，探讨该地区哈萨克族民族植物学的保护与传承。【方法】 采用民族植物学调查方法，对阿勒泰地区哈萨克族传统植物学知识和植物资源利用情况进行调查、收集和整理。 【结果】 哈萨克族常用传统民族植物有34科53属71种，可分为食用植物、药用植物和文化植物3类。 其中食用植物有11科16属19种，占27%，可作为蔬果、茶饮、调料食用；药用植物有22科34属35种，占 49%；民俗类植物15科15属17种，占24%，包括染料植物、手工植物、崇拜植物及经济植物等。【结论】 阿勒泰地区哈萨克族具有丰富的植物资源，需进一步加强对哈萨克族传统民族植物的保护，挖掘民族植物知识，开发多功能的植物产品，使阿勒泰地区植物资源得到全面保护和合理利用。

Abstract:

【Objective】 The Kazaks are a nomadic ethnic group native to north of Xinjiang province，China. They have accumulated a lot of ethnobotanical knowledge in the process of adapting to the natural environment for thousands of years. Research on ethnobotanical can provide a scientific basis for the protection，development and utilization of Kazak ethnic plants.【Method】 This study investigated traditional botanical features and collected data on plant resource utilization of Kazaks in the Altay region by the means of Ethnobotany Investigation Methods.【Result】 A total of 71 species belonging to 53 genera of 34 families were recorded by literature research and field investigation. Among them，19 species belonging to 16 genera of 11 families were edible plants，accounting for 27%；22 families belonging to 34 genera of 35 specieswere medicinal plants，accounting for 49%；17 species belonging to 15 genera of 15 families were ethnic plants，accounting for 24%.【Conclusion】 This study not onlysummarizes the ethnobotanical characteristics of Kazaks，but alsoprobes into a series of problems existing in ethnobotanical research and furthermore， put forward corresponding countermeasures for ecosystem biodiversity protection and ecological and cultural value provision of local region.