云南芸香草种质资源的表型多样性分析和评价

Analysis and evaluation of phenotypic diversity of Cymbopogon distans germplasm resources in Yunnan

摘要:

【目的】 研究云南不同种源芸香草的表型多样性特征，筛选优良种源。【方法】 收集云南省7 个州（市）的26份芸香草野生种质资源，在云南省永仁国有林场小尖山试验基地开展种质资源评价，在植株成熟期进行株高、叶长、分蘖数等表型鉴定，采用主成分分析法将云南芸香草种质资源的表型数据中的重要特征予以保留并筛选优良种质资源。【结果】 在相同栽培条件下，26份不同种源的野生芸香草的10项表型遗传性状变异系数介于9.26%~27.99%，存在较大差异。构建芸香草种质资源质量综合评价模型：F=0.441F1 +0.248F2 +0.161F3 +0.150F4 ，筛选出植株扩张能力、种子质量、长度和综合性能方面具有优势的优良芸香草种质6份。【结论】 优良芸香草种质来源于云南省红河哈尼族彝族自治州、楚雄彝族自治州、大理白族自治州和曲靖市等地区，说明芸香草优秀的遗传资源广泛分布于云南省，地理来源并不是造成芸香草种质资源遗传多样性的唯一因素。

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of this study is to study the phenotypic diversity characteristics of Cymbo- pogon distans from different provenances in Yunnan Province and to screen high -quality provenances.【Method】 Twenty-six wild germplasm resources of C. distans were collected from 7 prefectures and cities in Yunnan Province， and the germplasm resources were evaluated at the Xiaojianshan Experimental Base of Yongren State-owned orest arm in Yunnan Province. The phenotypic identification of plant height，leaf length and tiller number was carried out at the plant maturity stage，and the important characteristics in the phenotypic data of C. distans germplasm resources in Yunnan Province were retained by principal component analysis and excellent germplasm resources were screened. 【Result】 The results showed that under the same cultivation conditions，the variationcoefficient of 10 phenotypic genetic traits of 26 wild C. distans germplasm ranged between 9. 26% and 27. 99%，and there were great differences. A comprehensive evaluation model for the quality of C. distans germplasm resources was constructed：F=0. 441F1 + 0. 248F2 +0. 161F3 +0. 150F4 . Six excellent kidney C. distans with advantages in plant expansion ability，seed quality，length and comprehensive performance were selected.【Conclusion】 The excellent C. distans germplasm comes from Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture，Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture，Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture and Qujing City of Yunnan Province，indicating that the excellent genetic resources are widely distributed in Yunnan Province，and the geographical source is not the only factor causing the phenotypic diversity of the C. distans germplasm resources. This study provides basic data for the investigation and collection of germplasm resources，and supplies reference for the breeding and development of new varieties，popularization and application，and industrialization development.