不同播种时期和收获时期对发草种子产量及品质的影响

Effect of different sowing and harvesting periods on the yield and quality of Deschampsia cespitosa seeds

摘要:

【目的】 明确不同播种时期和收获时期对发草（Deschampsia cespitosa）种子产量和品质的影响，筛选出贵南地区发草种植的最佳播种时期和收获时期。【方法】 以青海省贵南县过马营镇为研究区域，以发草为研究对象，研究不同播种期和收获时期对发草种子产量、形态指标及产量构成因素的影响及不同收获时期对发草种子发芽率、含水量及种子活力的影响。【结果】 2021年6月20日左右播种的发草当年出苗率、2022年返青率和2023年种子产量均达到最高（P＜0.05），分别为78.33%、49.75%、 1 437. 3 kg/hm2；发草种子产量随收获时期的推迟逐渐降低，2022年发草种子产量在各收获时期无显著性差异，2023年乳熟期收获的发草种子产量显著高于完熟期（P＜0.05）。收获时期对种子活力无显著影响，2023年腊熟期和完熟期收获的种子发芽率显著高于乳熟期（P＜0.05）。【结论】 在贵南县及同类气候条件地区建造发草种子田时，播种时间在6月20日左右，并于发草腊熟期进行收获时，对发草种子产量和品质的提高有明显作用。

Abstract:

【Objective】 The study was carried out to clarify the impact of different sowing and harvesting periods on the yield and quality of Deschampsia cespitosa seeds，and to screen out the optimal sowing and harvesting periods for D. cespitosa planting in the Guinan region.【Method】 This experiment takes Guomaying Town，Guinan County， Qinghai Province as the research area，with D. cespitosa as the research object，to study the effects of different sowing and harvesting periods on the D. cespitosa yield，morphological indicators，and yield components of D. cespitosa seeds， as well as the effects of different harvesting periods on the germination rate，moisture content，and seed vitality of D. cespitosa seeds.【Result】 The research results showed that the emergence rate，greening rate in 2022，and seed yield in 2023 of the D. cespitosa around June 20，2021，reached their highest levels （P＜0. 05），with values of 78. 33%， 49. 75%，and 1437. 3 kg/hm2，respectively. The yield of D. cespitosa seeds gradually decreased with the delay of harvest period，and there was no significant difference in the yield of D. cespitosa seeds in each harvest period in 2022. The yield of D. cespitosa seeds harvested in the milk ripening period in 2023 was significantly higher than that in the full ripening period （P＜0. 05）. The harvest period did not reach a significant level of seed vitality，and the germination rate of seeds harvested during the wax ripening period in 2023 reached a significant level（P＜0. 05）. 【Conclusion】 When constructing D. cespitosa fields in Guinan County and similar climatic conditions，the sowing time shall be around June 20th，and harvesting during the grass wax ripening period has a significant effect on improving the yield and quality of D. cespitosa seeds.