唐家河自然保护区高寒草甸植物群落和功能群特征分析

Analysis of the plants community and functional group characteristics of alpine meadow in Tangjiahe Nature Reserve

摘要:

【目的】 分析唐家河自然保护区高寒草甸植物地带性特点及群落功能群特征，以提升唐家河自然保护区生态生产力和管理水平。【方法】 在3座孤山山峰上分别设置6个海拔梯度（2 700~ 2 799 m，2 800~2 899 m，2 900~2 999 m，3 000~3 099 m，3 100~3 299 m，≥3 200 m），测定不同海拔梯度植物种类与数量、群落组成与特征、优势种与亚优势种数量，按生活型、水分生态型和生产型分析功能群特征及产量贡献率，研究高寒草甸植物地带性特点及群落功能群特征。【结果】 高寒草甸共有14 科43种植物，不同海拔植物科数和种数差异显著（P＜0.05），6个海拔梯度建群种、优势种、亚优势种和偶见种的种类和数量不同（P＜0.05），致使海拔对植被类型和群落特征有显著影响（P＜0.05）。海拔显著影响功能群的组成与重要值（P＜0.05），随海拔升高，生活型多年生苔草类、水分生态型中生植物和生产型莎草类重要值显著增加（P＜0.05），生活型多年生杂草类、水分生态型旱生和旱中生和生产型杂类草重要值则显著降低（P＜0.05）。海拔显著影响草地鲜草产量和生产型功能群的产量贡献率 （P＜0.05），海拔＞2 800 m莎草科是决定草地产量的主要功能群。【结论】 海拔显著影响植物群落组成、结构、特征、功能及生态生产力，海拔3 000 m是植物种类、群落组成及功能群变化的关键高度，依据海拔制定相应保护方案和干扰措施，是提高高寒草甸生态功能的基本要求。

Abstract:

【Objective】 The study was conducted to analyze the zonal characteristics of alpine meadows under absolute protection，and in order to improve the ecological productivity and management level of Tangjiahe Nature Reserve.【Method】 Six altitude gradients（2 700~2 799 m，2 800~2 899 m，2 900~2 999 m，3 000~3 099 m，3 100~ 3 299 m，≥3 200 m） were set on each of the 3 isolated mountain peaks. The species and quantity，community composition and characteristics，number of dominant species and subdominant species of plants of different altitude gradients were determined. The characteristics of functional groups and yield contribution rate were analyzed according to life type，water ecological type and production type，and the zonal characteristics and community functional group characteristics of alpine meadow plants were studied.【Result】 There were 43 species in 14 families of plants in alpine meadows，and there were significant differences in the number of plant families and species at different altitudes （P＜ 0. 05）. The types and quantities of dominant，subdominant，and occasional species in six altitude gradients were different （P＜0. 05），resulting in a significant impact of altitude on vegetation types and community characteristics （P＜ 0. 05）. The altitude significantly affected the composition and importance values of functional groups （P＜0. 05）. As the altitude increased，the importance values of perennial carexes in life type，mesophytes in water ecology type，and sedges in production type significantly increased （P＜0. 05），while the importance values of perennial forbs in life type，xerophyte and xeromesophyte in water ecology type，and forbs in production type significantly decreased （P＜ 0. 05）. The altitude significantly affected the fresh grass yield of grasslands and the contribution rate of productive functional groups （P＜0. 05）. The Cyperaceae family was the main functional group that determines grassland yield at an altitude greater than 2 800 m.【Conclusion】 Altitude significantly affected the composition，structure，characteristics，function，and ecological productivity of plant communities. The 3 000 m altitude was a key height for the changes in plant species，community composition，and functional groups. Therefore，developing corresponding protection plans and disturbance measures based on altitude was a basic requirement for improving the ecological function of alpine meadows in Tangjiahe Nature Reserve.