不同农艺措施对燕麦田杂草防除效果的影响

Effects of different agronomic measures on weed control in oat field

摘要:

【目的】 探究不同农艺措施及化学除草剂对燕麦种子田的杂草防除效果，为青藏高原燕麦种子主产区田间杂草管理提供理论和技术支持。【方法】 设置晚播（T1）、高密度（T2）、田普除草剂（T3）、 立清除草剂（T4）处理，以不除草（CK1）和人工除草（CK2）为对照，测定农艺措施及化学除草剂处理下的杂草防效及燕麦产量，计算产值。【结果】 湟中县燕麦种子田杂草危害级别高达4级，杂草种类以荠菜、灰绿藜、刺儿菜、密花香薷、节裂角茴香、苦荬菜、猪殃殃和田旋花等为主，其中荠菜的危害最为严重。不同农艺措施及化学除草剂均有一定的杂草防治效果，且对不同杂草的防除效果也有差异，以人工除草和田普除草剂处理的效果最佳，株防效和鲜重防效显著（P＜0.05）高于其他处理，均在85%以上。田普除草剂处理的经济效益最高，达8 472元/hm²，是不除草处理的3.4倍。【结论】 在湟中地区的燕麦种子生产田，推荐施用3 000 mL/hm²的田普除草剂进行杂草防除。

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aims to explore the weed control effectiveness of different agronomic measures and chemical herbicides in oat fields，providing the oretical and technical support for weed management in the main oat-producing area of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.【Method】Late sowing （T1），high density （T2），pendimethalin （T3），2-bromobenzonitrile （T4） treatments were set up，and no weeding （CK1） and artificial weeding （CK2） were used as controls. The weed control effects and oat yield were assessed under different agronomic measures and chemical herbicide treatments.【Result】The damage level of weeds in the oat seed field of Huangzhong County was as high as grade 4，with the main weed species identified as Capsella bursapastoris，Chenopodium glaucum，Cirsium setosum， Elsholtzia densa，Hypecoum leptpcarpum，Ixeris polycephala，Galium aparine var. tenerum，and Convolvulus arven- sis，among which Capsella bursapastoris was the most problematic. Both agronomic measures and chemical herbicides showed effective weed control，with varying effectiveness on different weed species. The best control effect was achieved with artificial weeding and pendimethalin treatment，significantly outperforming other treatments in stem control and fresh weight reduction（P＜0. 05），with control rates above 85%. The economic benefit of pendimethalin treatment was the highest，reaching 8 472 yuan/hm2，which was 3. 4 times greater than that of the control.【Conclusion】 A treatment of 3 000 mL/hm2 of pendimethalin is recommended for effective weed control in oat production fields in the Huangzhong area.