种子内生菌促生和抗逆机制研究进展

Research advances in the growth-promoting and stress resistance mechanisms of seed endophytes

摘要:

植物器官中定殖了大量内生菌，它们一方面通过水平传播从环境迁移到植物中，包括借助根际、气孔、部分传粉者或花定殖于宿主植物各个器官，另一方面通过种子垂直传播至下一代。这些种子内生菌不仅可以促进植物自身的生长发育，还能增强植物对盐碱、干旱、病虫害等逆境的耐受能力。本文综述了种子内生菌传播方式和多样性，并重点从植物‐微生物共生互作的生理水平上阐述了种子内生菌在生物胁迫（抑制病原体、对食草动物和昆虫的抵抗力）和非生物胁迫（重金属耐受、耐盐性、抗旱性）下促进植物生长和增强植物抗逆性的最新进展，展望了未来种子内生菌在定殖、多样性、有益菌株开发及促生抗逆机制等方面的研究方向。

Abstract:

A diverse community of endophytes colonizes various plant organs. These microorganisms migrate from the environment to the plant through horizontal and vertical transmission. Horizontal transmission occurs via en vironmental routes such as inter-roots，stomata，some pollinators or flowers，enabling colonization of multiple plant organs. Vertical transmission，in contrast，involves the inheritance of endphytes through seeds to the next generation. These seed endophytes not only promote the plant's own growth and development，but also enhance the plant's ability to tolerate adversities such as salinity，drought，pests and diseases. This review provides an overview of the transmis sion modes and diversity of seed endophytes，with a focus on recent advances in understanding their roles in plant microbe symbiosis at the physiological level. We discuss their contributions to promoting plant growth and enhancing plant resistance to biotic stresses （inhibition of pathogens，resistance to herbivores and insects） and abiotic stresses （heavy metal tolerance，salinity tolerance，and drought tolerance）. Finally，we explore the future research directions of seed endophytes in terms of colonization，diversity，development of beneficial strains，and mechanisms of growth pro motion and stress tolerance.