白音华二号矿排土场恢复植被物种多样性与区系组成研究

Plant diversity and systematic composition of dump site in Baiyinhua No.2 Mine

摘要:

【目的】 掌握白音华二号矿排土场生态修复后的植被现状，了解排土场植物基本组成、物种多样性及种子植物区系特征。【方法】 查阅资料和野外实地调查相结合，运用植物区系地理学的基本原理对排土场种子植物区系特征进行统计分析。采用有限样方内生物多样性的测定方法，通过野外采样及对样本进行处理，对植物科属分布、生活型、生态型的数量结构进行统计分析，并计算植物群落物种多样性。【结果】 白音华二号矿排土场植物共45科148属219种，优势科为藜科、豆科、菊科、禾本科，物种生活型主要为多年生草本植物，生态型主要为中生型；植物群落共计43个，丰富度指数（R）为3~14、 Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H）为0.837~2.542、Simpson优势度（D）指数为0.420~1.212；排土场植物在科、属的区系组成上存在差异，从科的结构看，世界广布型有28科，温带成分有10科，从属的结构看，世界广布型有28个，温带成分有100属。【结论】 经过自然与人修复，排土场植物种类明显增加， 植物群落已具备一定的稳定性，但仍处于生态恢复的初级阶段，目前向正向演替发展。

Abstract:

【Objective】 Master the current status of vegetation in the ecological restoration of the Baiyinhua No. 2 Mine dump，and explore the basic composition，species diversity，and characteristics of seed plant flora in the dump. 【Method】 The floristic seed plants of the dump were statistically analyzed following the basic principles of floristic ge ography. This analysis involved consulting data and conducting field investigations. We used a method of measuring biodiversity within a limited sample，through field sampling and sample processing，statistical analysis is conducted on the distribution，life form，and ecological structure of plant families and genera，and the species diversity of plant com munities is calculated.【Result】 The plants in the wetland consisted of 45 families，148 genus and 219 species，with 51. Chenopodiaceae，Leguminosae，Asteraceae，Gramineous，plants predominated in this area. The plant life form is mainly perennial herbaceous plants，and the plant ecotype form is mainly mesophytic； This survey included 43 com munities. Specie Richness Idex was 3~14，Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index （H） was 0. 837~2. 541，The Simpson Diversity Index （D） was 0. 420~1. 212； We observed that families and genus of the plants were different. A total of 28 families spread around the world； 10 families belonged to temperate zone；28 genera spread around the world； 100 families belonged to temperate zone.【Conclusion】 The plant species have increased significantly after natural and arti ficial restoration，and the plant community has reached a certain degree of stability but is still in the preliminary stage of ecological restoration，currently undergoing positive succession.